The native plants of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula provide a distinct and picturesque option for landscaping in the region. From the vibrant sand coreopsis wildflowers to the hardy wild blueberry shrubs, these plants offer low-maintenance choices for Yooper landscapes.
These plants are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, making them ideal for sustainable landscaping. Using native plants can also conserve water, as they typically require less irrigation than non-native species. Additionally, native plants are more resistant to local pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical treatments and promoting a healthier ecosystem
If you want to learn more about native plants in the state, check out “Michigan Native Plants for Home Landscapes.”
Native trees of the U.P.
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula boasts a rich array of native trees, from the majestic northern red oak to the vibrant red-berried elder and the iconic paper birch; these trees are true Yooper treasures. Whether you’re hiking through the woods or simply enjoying the natural beauty of the U.P. in your backyard, these trees are a testament to the region’s rugged charm and ecological importance.
Northern red oak
The northern red oak tree (Quercus rubra), known for its vibrant fall foliage, is a significant source of lumber. It thrives in sandy, well-drained soil in both partial and full sun. It is one of the most shade-tolerant oaks. It typically reaches heights of 60 to 75 feet but can occasionally grow as tall as 120 feet. Its leaves transition from pink-red in the spring to a dark green in the summer and finally to a brilliant crimson in the fall. Its acorns are a food source for local wildlife.
Red-berried elder
Typically growing as a small tree or large shrub, the red-berried elder (Sambucus racemosa L.) reaches a height of 4 to 6 feet. It thrives in moderate to full sunlight and favors moist, well-drained soil. In the spring, it showcases clusters of tiny white blooms that transition into vibrant red berries by late summer. These berries are a food source for several species of birds and animals. The shrub’s fragrant white flower clusters typically bloom around early May.
Paper birch
The paper birch (Betula papyrifera), also known as the white birch, is a medium-sized tree that typically grows to heights of 50 to 70 feet. It is recognized for its unique white bark that peels in horizontal strips and thrives in well-drained, sandy, or rocky soil in either full sun or partial shade. Its leaves turn a vibrant yellow in the fall, and the seeds serve as a valuable food source for various birds and small mammals.
Native shrubs of the U.P.
The Upper Peninsula is home to an array of native shrubs that are as rugged and charming as the region itself. From the versatile nannyberry to the tasty wild lowbush blueberry, these shrubs provide food and habitat for local wildlife while adding natural beauty to the landscape. Another standout native shrub is the ground juniper, known for its hardy nature and colorful, changing leaves that reflect the vibrant spirit of the U.P.
Nannyberry
Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) naturally thrives in various habitats across the Upper Peninsula. It can grow up to 14 feet tall and produces clusters of small, white flowers in the spring. These are followed by dark blue berries in the fall, which are a popular food source for many bird species. The leaves are dark green and become vibrant red in the fall, enhancing the landscape’s color. Nannyberry prefers moist, well-drained soil and full to partial sunlight.
Wild lowbush blueberry
This native shrub is known for its tasty fruit. Wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) thrives in acidic soils in sunny, open spaces, and can grow up to 2 feet tall. The shrub blooms with white flowers with a hint of red and edible fruit in the second year. Its glossy leaves range from dark green to blue-green and turn deep crimson in the autumn. This seasonal change adds an extra layer of visual interest.
Ground juniper
This shrub, spreading up to 6 feet tall and 10 feet wide, has dark green leaves and small cones. Ground juniper (Juniperus communis) is drought-resistant and thrives in dry, rocky soils in full sun. The leaves change from light green to bright green, then orange-red, and finally to purple throughout the year. It’s a vital winter food source for birds, and its edible berries are often used to flavor gin, making it an interesting year-round landscape addition.
Native sedges and grasses of the U.P.
Sedges and grasses native to the U.P. contribute greatly to the region’s ecosystems. These hardy plants not only enhance the natural beauty and complexity of Yooper landscapes but also provide essential habitat and sustenance for local wildlife. Among the U.P.’s standout species are tussock sedge, fowl mannagrass, and little bluestem, each adding its own charm to the rugged terrain.
Tussock sedge
Tussock sedge (Carex stricta), also known as upright sedge, grows between 2 and 3 feet tall. It thrives in wet soils within fully sunlit areas, forming distinctive clumps or “tussocks.” These grass-like clumps not only add unique texture and visual interest to the landscape but also serve as a habitat and food source for various wildlife.
Fowl mannagrass
This native, perennial, cool-season grass grows 1 to 3 feet tall, found in wetlands and along stream banks. Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) has green to pale yellow-green leaves that contrast beautifully with darker foliage. Tiny pale green to purple flowers bloom from open seed heads in August, mature in September, and serve as food for waterfowl and birds. It also tolerates shade.
Little bluestem
Little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) is a clump-forming grass that can thrive in most soil types, except extremely moist ones. It prefers sandy, open environments. Its foliage, which grows 2 to 4 feet tall, changes from blue-green to bronze-orange in the fall and remains that way all winter. From August to October, it produces eye-catching seedheads and flowers. Its dense roots prevent erosion, and it is perfect for rock gardens and borders.
Native flowers of the U.P.
Native perennials in Michigan’s U.P., like common milkweed, sand coreopsis, and common boneset, are vital for biodiversity. They provide habitat and nourishment for pollinators, prevent soil erosion, promote water retention, and support wildlife year-round. By incorporating more native perennials into gardens and green spaces, you can help restore and preserve the natural ecosystems of the Upper Peninsula.
Common milkweed
Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) is essential to monarch butterflies because it provides food for the caterpillars. Growing 2 to 4 feet tall, it thrives in well-drained soils and full sun to light shade. Besides its ecological role, it adds color, attracts pollinators with its fragrant pink blossoms, and enhances gardens with a pleasant scent and visual appeal.
Sand coreopsis
A hardy perennial, sand coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.) is known for its bright yellow flowers and ability to thrive in sandy or well-drained soils. It typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet and blooms from late spring to early summer. This plant is not only visually appealing but also low maintenance and drought-tolerant. It attracts pollinators such as bees and butterflies, making it a valuable addition to any garden focused on supporting local wildlife, further enhancing its appeal.
Common boneset
Michigan’s native boneset grows both in moist and dry soil. Common boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum L.) blooms with white flowers from summer through fall. While it was historically used for medicinal purposes, it now acts as a nectar source for bees and butterflies, promoting local pollination. Its white flowers and green foliage make it a desirable choice for landscapes, as it pairs well with plants of contrasting colors and textures.
Native ferns of the U.P.
In the lush forests, such as the Hiawatha National Forest, native fern species flourish, adding to the region’s rich biodiversity. Among these are the delicate maidenhair fern, the towering ostrich fern, and the distinctive interrupted fern. These ferns not only enhance your U.P. landscapes but also play a crucial role in supporting local ecosystems.
Maidenhair fern
The maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum) is known for its delicate, fan-shaped fronds and dark, wiry stems. Preferring moist, well-drained soils and shaded areas, it grows to 8 to 30 inches tall and adds a graceful, airy quality to your outdoor space. Its shiny purple-brown stem and light green leaflets make it a striking addition to any landscape. This fern is also relatively low-maintenance, requiring only regular watering and occasional pruning to thrive.
Ostrich fern
The ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) is known for its large, feathery fronds resembling ostrich plumes. Thriving in moist, shaded areas, it typically grows to 3 feet but can reach up to 8 feet under ideal conditions, making it one of the tallest native ferns in the region. Planting this fern where it has space to spread will help it thrive. It forms dense colonies that provide excellent ground cover and habitat for wildlife and is easy to care for once established.
Interrupted fern
The interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana) is named for its interesting fronds, with dark brown spores “interrupting” the sterile leaflets. This fern prefers moist, well-drained soils and is partial to full shade. Related to the cinnamon fern, the interrupted fern grows up to 4 feet. The interrupted fern is a great choice for adding texture and interest to shaded areas in the garden. Its striking appearance and adaptability make it popular for landscaping projects.
What to read next
Discover more about lawn care in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan by reading the following articles.
- The Best Grass Seed for Michigan’s Upper Peninsula
- When to Plant Grass Seed in Michigan
- When to Fertilize Your Lawn in Michigan
- When to Dethatch Your Lawn in Michigan
- When to Aerate Your Lawn in Michigan
FAQ: Upper Peninsula native plants
Where can you find native plants locally?
In Michigan, native plants are available from several neighborhood nurseries and conservation groups. One excellent source of information is the Michigan Master Gardener Association. Also, keep an eye out statewide for local native plant deals that occur regularly.
When it comes to choosing native plants, Lindsey Kerr, the Wayne County Extension Office’s Consumer Horticulture Educator, says, “I always tell people to start small. Once they understand how much they can handle, then they can expand. Starting small allows for a learning curve and also costs less. If, in a year or two, they want to expand their garden, they can collect seeds or divide the plants they already have.”
Why should you landscape with native plants?
There are many good reasons to grow native plants. Native plants not only create a beautiful landscape that showcases the Upper Peninsula’s natural beauty, but they also:
- Need little care, are tough, and fit well with the local environment
- Support biodiversity and help local species
- Save water
- Resist pests and diseases
- Reduce the use of pesticides and improve environmental health
What are the planting zones in the Upper Peninsula in Michigan?
Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, known for its cold climate, falls within USDA zones 4a to 5b, with some coastal areas within the 6b zone. Winter temperature lows range from -30 to 0F, so homeowners should choose plants like the native ones in this article that can endure these conditions.
When to call a pro
When it comes to maintaining native plants in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, knowing when to call a professional can make all the difference. Whether you need help with planting, pruning, or general maintenance, Lawn Love can connect you with a local lawn care pro who specializes in native plant care. With their expertise, you can ensure your garden thrives in the unique climate of the U.P.
Main Image Credit: Opioła Jerzy | Wikimedia Commons | CC BY-SA 3.0
