Backyard Cultivation: 2025’s Best States for Hobby Farms

What three considerations should people keep in mind before starting a hobby farm?

Three considerations people should keep in mind are

• Your goals: Is this purely as a lifestyle choice, an activity for family and community connection, growing things that would otherwise be unavailable to you and your family, a love of gardening and raising animals, or to support a supplemental business? Let your goals steer decisions — writing a mission statement for yourself may be helpful.
• Finances and planning: Having a realistic budget, planning and holding yourself accountable can help prevent difficulties or putting yourself in a financially irresponsible situation. You don’t need to join every trend or have every plant and animal to consider yourself a hobby farmer.
• Time and capacity: How much time do you have available for your hobby farm and other obligations and what does a sustainable balance looks like? You don’t want to turn your passion into a burden. Another consideration is your physical health and planning to accommodate what you need to prevent injury and ensure your accessibility both now and in the future.

Which three farm animals are easiest or least expensive to manage at home?

All animals have a cost and, whether livestock or pets, you need to ensure you can afford to give them their required care for both their and your community’s health and safety.

As with anything, start small, do your research before, and scale within your capacity.

• Chickens: Where most people start — there are numerous breeds with some being very hardy and adaptable and can play a role as nutrient cyclers and pest control in both the home garden and farm as either pets or livestock. There are tons of resources available on their care and needs which can be considered more affordable than many other larger livestock
• Rabbits: Rabbits are quiet and well-suited to situations where louder animals are not wanted. Their manure can be an asset for the home garden and they are economical to feed whether they are kept as pets or for meat and even angora wool.Unlike most poultry the bulk of a rabbit’s diet is hay supplemented with green vegetable scraps and some pellets, generally making them more affordable to feed than chickens, especially if you have access to hay on site. Their feed efficiency and fast reproduction make them valued by many for household-scale meat production.
• Geese: Domestic geese are an often-overlooked animal that I have a soft spot for (we had them when I was growing up). They are also loud, so if you have close neighbors, have a low noise tolerance, or live in a suburban neighborhood this would be a consideration. They can be large and aggressive so may not be appropriate if you have young children. However, if you have the space and both you and your community can tolerate the noise, geese have many great attributes.Geese are more adapted to land than mallard descended ducks, do not need a pond, and are less prone to bumble foot which can affect ducks. Geese being larger are less prone to predation from smaller mammals and are often kept with ducks and chickens as a predator deterrent (nothing beats a secure enclosure though).

  Unlike ducks and chickens which are omnivores, mature geese are herbivores that graze on grass and are very self-reliant if they have access to enough good grass. Since much of their diet comes from grazing and hay with some supplemental feed, they can be economical to feed. Geese grazing can be used to help control weeds, especially in orchards converting grass and weeds into high nitrogen manure that can help improve the soil if appropriate food safety concerns around your produce is followed. Their eggs and meat are sought after by bakers, chefs, caterers, and home cooks. There are breeds that are specialized for eggs, meat, dual-purpose pets, and as ‘weeder geese’ predominantly kept for their grazing abilities.

Which three farm animals require the most space to thrive? Which three farm animals require the least space to thrive?

Large animals like horses and cattle will need adequate space, followed by sheep, goats, and swine. The space needed will depend on the feed source and if they are fed in a cut and carry system or if they are getting most of their food on pasture. You need to have your pasture quality and health in mind when determining livestock density.

Smaller animals such as rabbits, poultry, and even certain fish need much less space. Quail and rabbits are well known for needing little space and if you have experience with aquariums fish such as channel catfish and if you have the right climate tilapia can be raised in backyard tanks.

However, people sometimes get caught up in the romanticization of livestock and forget that the minimum space for an animal may not be what’s needed to thrive, the question shouldn’t be “can I raise this animal in this space”, but “should I raise this animal in this space”.

What are the three main perks and downsides of registering your residence as a homestead?

I’m based in Oregon. While we have agricultural use, exclusive farm use, and rural residential types of zoning and agricultural tax deferral, legal designations around the country are not my specialty.

For instance, in Oregon many people will apply for agricultural deferral on appropriately zoned property, but this has requirements and designations such as an intent for an agricultural enterprise.

I suggest for hobby farmers to not go on assumptions and statements on social media and to contact their local municipality and extension to better understand their zoning and the pros and cons. Quite frankly there is a lot of misinformation around zoning, and it is best to seek clarification from the source.

What are three ways hobby farmers can get extra eggs and produce off their hands?

Form connections in your community. While there are regulations to selling certain products (which vary by region), trading within your community, family, and friends and donating are good ways to get rid of excess produce and eggs.

Churches and other religious groups, community centers, and food banks are great places to call and know your excess is put to good use. There are many needy people, and those who preserve food that would appreciate your excess.

If you intend to sell, do your do diligence on farm stand and food safety regulations and best practices in your area.

Which three tools are essential for running a hobby farm?

I don’t think there are any best tools for running a homestead. We all have different situations, needs and budgets so being able to discern your needs and what is practical is most important.

The three things I think are essential are all mindset related.

• Having a pragmatic, self-driven and self-aware mindset.
• Being open to new information.
• Having a collaborative approach to establish the connections you need to thrive.

What three considerations should people keep in mind before starting a hobby farm?

1. Where will you house the animals, and how will you clean the space? Remember the biggest enemy is manure, will you compost it and remove it from the animals often to keep parasite load down?

2. It is especially to protect them from predators, how will you feed them 365 days a year (including winter) and how much will it cost?

3. What is your protocol for detecting a sick animal and do you have the resources to access veterinary care if it is needed? Lots of rural areas do not have access to large animal vets so this is very important if considering purchasing cattle.

Which three farm animals are easiest or least expensive to manage at home?

Laying hens and broilers (meat birds) are easy to care for, but it is important to build a shelter that prioritizes biosecurity because of the high path avian influenza that has claimed the lives of one hundred million birds recently. This disease is brought in by wild birds and very important to consider. Chickens are preyed on by lots of animals so a predator plan needs to be in place. Lots of formulated pellets will help chickens meet their nutrient needs, but make sure that laying hens have enough calcium in their diet.

Meat goats are also easy to manage, but plans must be in place to keep them from escaping (they like to forage). Consider offering goats opportunities to climb high in their enclosure and to browse as they prefer to browse brush rather than strictly grazing grass. Make sure to research appropriate feed and minerals for goats as their needs are much different than cattle and they need to receive vitamin B adequately or they will show signs of polio which can be fatal.

Which three farm animals require the most space to thrive? Which three farm animals require the least space to thrive?

Cattle need the most space to thrive if you plan to graze them on the land (think 1 acre per steer minimum), and this is not as easy as putting them on pasture and hoping for the best as some grasses such as fescue and Sudangrass need to have special considerations made. Contact your extension educator if you want to graze beef steers. They will also grow better if they are also offered grain. I only recommend grass-finished beef for extensively experienced homesteaders.

Sheep also need lots of space because they are very susceptible to parasite overload and can die from anemia.

Chickens require the least amount of space but consider how often you will clean their housing because chickens can get parasites such as clostridium easily if they are exposed too often to their manure.

Basically the most important thing is to always consider how you will deal with manure and how intensively you will stock them. The biggest enemy of a homesteader is parasites.

What are three ways hobby farmers can get extra eggs and produce off their hands?

Farmer’s markets and niche markets with “farm to table” restaurants are both attractive and have better profit margins than selling to retailers, but they require considerable legwork and networking to keep in place.

Restaurants want predictable inventory, farmers markets less so — it depends a lot on what you are producing. However, both require business plans and consideration of the labor.

If a farmer is looking to produce extra eggs they should consider calcium in the diet, as that is often a limiting factor for chicken egg production, but it is expensive to feed

Also, keep in mind that genetics and age of the layer play a role in egg production.

Sunlight exposure also plays a role in egg production. Chickens like nesting boxes and will work hard to access one according to the literature, so also offer a private place for them to lay their eggs in a dimly lit area (if not dark).

Which three tools are essential for running a hobby farm?

1. Customer service, the only way to survive is to always think about the person buying that product.

2. Labor, you need a solid business plan in place to make this work.

3. A veterinarian-client relationship, selling to the public directly brings even more attention to animal welfare and people will want to ensure you have a clear understanding of managing disease, parasites, and vaccinations of your animals. This is very important for any homesteader.

What three considerations should people keep in mind before starting a hobby farm?

1. Goals. What are your plans with this hobby farm?

2. Neighbors. Proximity and similar thought processes.

2. Inputs. Capital input cost to get it up and running, maintenance costs, and possible revenue.

Which three farm animals are easiest or least expensive to manage at home?

All animals have an expense. Depending on location throughout the country and climate, these “easiest” animals can change. For most locations, chickens, rabbits, and goats are possibly the “easiest”.

Which three farm animals require the most space to thrive?

Cattle, horses, and camelids (llamas and alpacas).

Which three farm animals require the least space to thrive?

Chickens, rabbits, and goats or sheep.

What are the three main perks and downsides of registering your residence as a homestead?

In Texas if you register as a homestead, the landowner will see property tax relief. If it qualifies as an ag/wildlife exemption property, then there will be additional tax savings on purchases. I don’t know of many downsides.

What are three ways hobby farmers can get extra eggs and produce off their hands?

1. Donate them.

2. Sell at a farmer’s markets.

3. Share with family and friends.

Which three tools are essential for running a hobby farm?

1. Patience

2. Perseverance

3. Dedication

Also, tool wise depending on size of operation — tractor and implements, trailer, and truck.

Small tools — computer, cell phone, and carpentry skills.

What three considerations should people keep in mind before starting a hobby farm?

• For all of your animals, you also need to consider your manure management plan. All animals produce manure and the question is what are you going to do with it all? A single laying hen will produce 50 pounds of manure in a year while a single goat or sheep could produce up to 1500 pounds and a single beef steer can produce almost 9 tons in a single year!

• Another consideration is mortality and euthanasia of your animals. At some point, you will have an animal die or have to be put down if you are raising them. Can you handle putting them down yourself, or do you know someone who can help you? What will you do with the body when they have passed?

Which three farm animals are easiest or least expensive to manage at home?

• Chickens and ducks need ~4 square feet of coop space a bird and at least 10 square feet of run space.
• Quail only need 1 square foot of coop space per bird and 2 square feet of run space.
• Bees need an acre of nectar sources (so think 1 acre of full wildflower plantings).
• Rabbit space depends on size. From Michigan State University: You will need about 1.5 square feet per rabbit for those animals under five pounds (mature weight) to five square feet per rabbit over 10 pounds.
• For sheep and goats, you want to allow for 10-25 square feet of stall space per adult standard-size goat and then allow for an acre of pasture for 2-8 goats depending on their size and the quality of your ground.
• Pigs will need 6-8 square feet per adult pig for those being raised indoors and recommends 20-50 square feet per pig if they are outdoors.
• Cattle for both dairy and meat will vary greatly depending on forage/feed sources. For most of Indiana, you could count on needing about 1 1/2 acres per animal, while supplementing with grain and hay. For straight grass-fed, you will need to look at closer to 2 1/2 to 3 acres per animal.

What are the three main perks and downsides of registering your residence as a homestead?

As a tax purpose, homestead deductions can be filed with your county auditor’s office.

There is currently no “registration” as a farming homestead in Indiana. If you are raising animals though, it has been a state law since 2006 that those properties that sell, purchase, or exhibit major food animal species register those animals with the Board of Animal Health. Registration provides BOAH essential contact information (name, phone number, address) for livestock owners. That data is protected under state law, and can be accessed by BOAH in an animal health emergency to speed notification.

Faster notification is essential to the rapid containment and control of disease. That translates into faster eradication and recovery from a potential economic disaster. You may complete the registration form online or download the form here. Or you can call (317) 544-2381.

What are three ways hobby farmers can get extra eggs and produce off their hands?

If you’ve been blessed with extra eggs, there are a few things you can do to help reduce the “egg”-stras:

• Use them in baking freezer meals. Breakfast burritos, quiches, and egg noodles freeze well and make soft quick easy meals during hectic days. Eggs themselves also freeze very well — break them open and freeze them individually, or as a whole group that you can cook at once (i.e. if your family regularly eats 6 scrambled eggs at a time, put 6 in a bag, scramble them, and freeze).

• Feed them to other animals. Eggs have great nutrients that can be used for pigs, cats, and dogs on your homestead.
• Talk with your neighbors, friends, and co-workers. Oftentimes you can find someone who is looking for eggs.

The Indiana State Egg Board regulates the sale of eggs except if you sell only from the location where eggs are produced — consumers must pick up from that same location where chickens are located. If you plan to sell at a farmer’s market, retail, or wholesale, you will need to be licensed. For more information, visit https://ag.purdue.edu/department/ansc/iseb/.

Which three tools are essential for running a hobby farm?

The three tools I would start with when running a hobby farm are as follows:

1. Knowledge. Know that you can never stop learning. Each animal, crop, and experience will teach you something new. You need to know when to ask for help before it is too late, and never be afraid to sign up for classes or ask questions from someone who may have more experience or may be doing something different than you are.

Also, knowledge to accept the fact that any type of farming is hard. It is stressful at times. Acknowledge that there will be times you feel stressed and overwhelmed and be willing to talk to someone about it. Purdue’s Farm Stress Team has great resources to help with managing and recognizing signs of stress in yourself and others.

2. Strong fence. If you are raising livestock, your fence is going to be your biggest investment, but it will help prevent headaches in the future. A high quality charger and high quality building materials are important because without these, it won’t be a matter of if, but a matter of when your animals break out. You pay for what you get in the fencing industry. Start with that quality to reduce stress later on.

3. A good nutritionist and/or soil health person or veterinarian. Having someone to talk to about the health of your soil and the health of your livestock is important.

A soil health person can help balance your soils and get your crops to a good start. A nutritionist can help balance feed rations to help your animals grow and reproduce the best.

And the most important person in your toolbox when raising livestock is your veterinarian! Many vaccinations today require a prescription (including penicillin), so having that working relationship is important. It’s another matter of not if I need a veterinarian, it is WHEN I need their help. Establish this relationship early on.

What three considerations should people keep in mind before starting a hobby farm?

Hobby farming can be very rewarding and provide a sense of connection with animals and among participating family members.

• Some other key things to consider are local zoning ordinances and whether there are any restrictions on the types, species, and numbers of animals permitted in your area.

• Another thing to keep in mind is that hobby farming can be time-consuming. Animals do not go on vacation and they sometimes need care in the middle of the night no matter the season or the weather, in addition to the daily care and chores.
• Depending on your goals and why you want to start a hobby farm, some other important considerations are how much land you have available, the cost of raising animals, whether you have access to veterinary care when needed, whether or not you intend to process the animals and if you have a plan for how to do that, and lastly, whether or not you intend to farm for profit in which case there is some tax-related paperwork that will need to be completed.

In short, doing your research beforehand and thinking about why you want to start a hobby farm is really important.

Which three farm animals are easiest or least expensive to manage at home?

In terms of which animals are easiest to manage or least expensive, people’s comfort level and personal experience and their goals or reasons for wanting to have a hobby farm are important here, in addition to the cost and ease of management.

Many people choose to raise chickens or other poultry (ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl, and quail) because they can be raised for eggs, meat, or both, and they require relatively less space compared to some other types of animals.

Other popular animals are rabbits, goats, and pigs.

Each animal type has its own specific needs and requirements, so it is important to learn as much as possible beforehand.

Which three farm animals require the most space to thrive? Which three farm animals require the least space to thrive?

On a per animal basis, larger animals require more space than smaller ones, so cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep will need more space on a per animal basis than rabbits, quail, chickens, and other smaller animals. However, all of these animals are social animals and are typically raised in groups, so the amount of space needed depends on how many animals you plan to keep.